{
  "meta": {
    "key": "flops_per_dollar",
    "title": "Cost per GFLOPS",
    "unit": "USD/GFLOPS",
    "category": "Computing",
    "source": "Wikipedia: cost of computing (FLOPS)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLOPS",
    "verified": "2026-09-06",
    "url": "https://exponentialtracker.com/curve/flops_per_dollar",
    "csv": "https://exponentialtracker.com/data/flops_per_dollar.csv",
    "json": "https://exponentialtracker.com/data/flops_per_dollar.json",
    "retrievedFrom": "Compiled by Exponential Tracker and re-derived from the source named above. Rebuilt on every deploy, so re-fetch rather than trusting a saved copy to be current.",
    "rights": "The underlying data belongs to Wikipedia: cost of computing (FLOPS). This compilation may be reused with attribution to Exponential Tracker. No licence is claimed or implied over the source data.",
    "citation": "Exponential Tracker, \"Cost per GFLOPS\", exponentialtracker.com/curve/flops_per_dollar, data verified 2026-09-06. Underlying source: Wikipedia: cost of computing (FLOPS)."
  },
  "data": [
    {
      "year": 1945,
      "value": 1265000000000,
      "label": "ENIAC"
    },
    {
      "year": 1961,
      "value": 18672000000,
      "label": "IBM 7030 Stretch"
    },
    {
      "year": 1984,
      "value": 18750000,
      "label": "Cray X-MP/48"
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "value": 30000,
      "label": "Beowulf cluster"
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "value": 640,
      "label": "KLAT2"
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "value": 83.68,
      "label": "KASY0"
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "value": 47.85,
      "label": "Microwulf"
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "value": 1.8,
      "label": "HPU4Science"
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "value": 0.2168,
      "label": "PlayStation 4"
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "value": 0.0785
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "value": 0.0624,
      "label": "Ryzen 7 + Vega"
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "value": 0.0316,
      "label": "Ryzen + RTX 3080"
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "value": 0.0194,
      "label": "RTX 4090"
    },
    {
      "year": 2025,
      "value": 0.0123,
      "label": "RX 9070 XT"
    }
  ]
}