{
  "meta": {
    "key": "open_weight_frontier",
    "title": "Open-Weight AI Frontier",
    "unit": "ECI",
    "category": "AI",
    "source": "Epoch AI, Epoch Capabilities Index",
    "sourceUrl": "https://epoch.ai/eci",
    "verified": "2026-10-20",
    "url": "https://exponentialtracker.com/curve/open_weight_frontier",
    "csv": "https://exponentialtracker.com/data/open_weight_frontier.csv",
    "json": "https://exponentialtracker.com/data/open_weight_frontier.json",
    "retrievedFrom": "Compiled by Exponential Tracker and re-derived from the source named above. Rebuilt on every deploy, so re-fetch rather than trusting a saved copy to be current.",
    "rights": "The underlying data belongs to Epoch AI, Epoch Capabilities Index. This compilation may be reused with attribution to Exponential Tracker. No licence is claimed or implied over the source data.",
    "citation": "Exponential Tracker, \"Open-Weight AI Frontier\", exponentialtracker.com/curve/open_weight_frontier, data verified 2026-10-20. Underlying source: Epoch AI, Epoch Capabilities Index."
  },
  "data": [
    {
      "year": 2023.15,
      "value": 109.97,
      "label": "LLaMA-65B: where the record line begins"
    },
    {
      "year": 2023.54,
      "value": 113.67,
      "label": "Llama 2-70B"
    },
    {
      "year": 2023.55,
      "value": 117.02,
      "label": "Stable Beluga 2"
    },
    {
      "year": 2023.84,
      "value": 117.33,
      "label": "Yi-34B"
    },
    {
      "year": 2023.94,
      "value": 118.44,
      "label": "Mixtral 8x7B"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024.29,
      "value": 122.04,
      "label": "Mixtral 8x22B"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024.3,
      "value": 123.01,
      "label": "Llama 3-70B"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024.35,
      "value": 124.8,
      "label": "DeepSeek-V2 (MoE-236B, May 2024)"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024.43,
      "value": 125.28,
      "label": "Qwen2-72B"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024.56,
      "value": 128.77,
      "label": "Llama 3.1-405B: the year-long gap closes"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024.72,
      "value": 128.97,
      "label": "Qwen2.5-72B"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024.95,
      "value": 130.48,
      "label": "Phi-4: first past Claude 3.5 Sonnet’s 130"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024.98,
      "value": 132.3,
      "label": "DeepSeek-V3"
    },
    {
      "year": 2025.05,
      "value": 138.82,
      "label": "DeepSeek-R1: five weeks behind the frontier"
    },
    {
      "year": 2025.32,
      "value": 139.15,
      "label": "Qwen3-235B-A22B"
    },
    {
      "year": 2025.4,
      "value": 141.13,
      "label": "DeepSeek-R1 (May 2025)"
    },
    {
      "year": 2025.56,
      "value": 143.76,
      "label": "Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking (Jul 2025)"
    },
    {
      "year": 2025.74,
      "value": 144.91,
      "label": "DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp"
    },
    {
      "year": 2025.85,
      "value": 145.82,
      "label": "Kimi K2 Thinking"
    },
    {
      "year": 2025.92,
      "value": 146.09,
      "label": "DeepSeek-V3.2"
    },
    {
      "year": 2026.07,
      "value": 148.07,
      "label": "Kimi K2.5"
    },
    {
      "year": 2026.26,
      "value": 149.82,
      "label": "GLM-5.1"
    },
    {
      "year": 2026.3,
      "value": 150.94,
      "label": "Kimi K2.6: first past GPT-5’s 150"
    },
    {
      "year": 2026.45,
      "value": 151.94,
      "label": "GLM-5.2"
    },
    {
      "year": 2026.54,
      "value": 157.86,
      "label": "Kimi K3: 5.6 points off the closed frontier"
    }
  ]
}